Cell & Multi Cell Fault

A hot spot occurs with square geometry in a single cell. This anomaly consists of hot spots occurring with square geometry in multiple cells.

Module / Connection Failure

Module anomalies caused by cracks in the module. Cells reaching high temperatures due to these cracks lead to solder melting, thermal fatigue, rupture of contact wires and rapid aging of intact cells.

Diode / Solder Fault

In order to obtain the desired voltage from solar cells, these cells are connected in series or in parallel and these cells do not always receive the same intensity of sunlight. In case of any shading, the output power of the panel decreases.

Delamination

Defects caused by poor adhesion between the glass, encapsulant, active layers and back layers. Typically, delamination occurs due to adhesion contamination (e.g. improper cleaning of the glass) or environmental factors, followed by moisture ingress and corrosion.

String Fault

In terms of working principles; Strings (arrays) consist of photovoltaic panels connected to each other and the arrays formed in this way are connected to the inverter.

Vegetation

In the case of partial shading in solar energy systems, the power varies significantly depending on the voltage, reducing the output power of the panel.